This document is the briefing paper for the Australian ministerial delegation to the South Pacific Forum Economic Ministers Meeting (FEMM) held at Cairns in July 1997. It was discovered by the media amidst a pile of other misplaced miscellaneous papers at the meeting. The pessimistic assessment of economic and political trends in the Pacific Island States and the often disparaging portraits of the leaders of these countries caused scandal, embarrassment and controversy in Australia and throughout the Pacific region when these details became public. The report covers economic dilemmas in the Pacific, fiscal responsibility, resource management, public sector reform, health services and governance issues for each particular country and for the region as a whole. The backgrounds, beliefs and personal habits of Pacific leaders and finance ministers are also presented in a series of controversial character assessments. These were considered offensive and insensitive by many political and official commentators, along with some of the leaders themselves.

Section 1, Overview.p.1
Section 2, Program. p.9
Section 3, Draft Annotated Agenda. p.11
Section 4, Agenda items: Ministerial Dinnerp.,p.19
Opening Formalities,p.21
Session 1 Reform Processes,p.23
Session 2 Institutional Reform,p.25
Session 3 Investment Policy,p.29
Session 4 Tariff Policy,p.31
Session 5 Multilateral Trade Policy, p.33
Section 5, Forum Island Countries: Economic & Social Scorecard.p.35
Section 6, Aid to Forum Island Countries.p.38
Section 7, Map of South Pacific Forum Countries.p. 39
Section 8, South Pacific: Political Economy.p.41
Section 9, Individual Country Briefing:
Cook Islands,p.43
Fiji,p.45
Kiribati,p.49
Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Palau),p.53
Nauru,p.59
New Zealand,p.63
Niue,p.67
Papua New Guinea,p.69
Samoa,p.73
Solomon Islands,p.77
Tonga,p.81
Tuvalu,p.85
Vanuatu.p.87
Section 10, List of Ministers.p. 91
Section 11, Australian Delegation List.p.92
Section 12, Office Facilities.p.93

The union had its origins in the ethnically based welfare societies formed in Port Moresby in the late 1950s. Waterside workers were also active in the PNG Workers' Association and its successor the Port Moresby Workers' Association in the 1960s. The Central District Waterside Workers' Union was established at a public meeting in Port Moresby on 24 July 1968 and registered under the PNG Industrial Organisations Ordinance on 28 January 1969. Between 1977 and 1980 the CDWWU embarked on a series of amalgamations with the Overseas Seamen's Union, the Rabaul Workers' Association, the Madang Waterside Workers' Union and the Lae Stevedoring Union. The amalagamated union, the PNG Waterside Workers' and Seamen's Union, the first national private sector union in Papua New Guinea, was registered on 8 January 1980. The name of the organisation was changed to the Papua New Guinea Maritime Workers Industrial Union on 18 October 1993. (See Michael Hess, Unions Under Economic Development: private sector unions in PNG, Oxford University Press, 1992.)

Minutes, press releases and related papers, 1985-1997, including: Management Committee minutes, 1994-1997.<P><b>See reel list for further details</b>

Light and Life News-line, was published in Melbourne by the Asia-Pacific Christian Mission, Melbourne and Auckland. It succeeds Light and Life (see PMB Doc 525). The microfilm includes some copies of State News and other leaflets on file with Light and Life News-line.
See also PMB Doc 498, Doc 524, Doc 527 and Doc 528.

Light and Life News-line, Vols.1-9.
Vol.1, Nos.1-4, 1989
Vol.2, Nos.1-5, 1990
Vol.3, Nos.1-5, 1991
Vol.4, Nos.1-4, 1992
Vol.5, Nos.1-4, 1993
Vol.6, Nos.1-3, 1994
Vol.7, Nos.1-4, 1995
Vol.8, Nos.1-3, 1996
Vol.9, Nos.1-4, 1997

Fr Johannes J. Tschauder SVD was ordained in 1936 and joined the Divine Word Mission in New Guinea in December 1937. He was parish priest on Karkar island from 1938 until 1943 when he was captured by the Japanese. He worked in parishes in Australia from 1944 until 1949 and then in Ulingan on the Madang coast from 1949 until 1955. Fr Tschauder took sick leave in Europe from 1955 until 1958 and then returned to New Guinea as parish priest at Tabele on Manam Island. He taught at Holy Spirit Seminary, both when it was in Madang and at Bomana, from 1963 until his retirement in 1977. In retirement at the Madang Archdiocesan headquarters, Fr Tschauder undertook translation work and built a collection of German materials from PNG settlement, together with first draft translations into English. These papers have now been incorporated in the archival holdings at the Noser Library at the Divine Word University.

Papers written by Fr John J. Tschauder; diaries and notebooks of Fr Tschauder, 1937-46; correspondence of Fr Tschauder, 1937-1954; personal papers and manuscripts collected by Fr Tschauder (including Fr. Appollinaris Anova-Ataba, Fr. Cornelius van Barr, Br. David Brummer, Br. Willie Cherubim Kaufmann, Fr Heinrich Luttmer, Fr. J. Nilles, Fr. James Noss, Fr. Alphons Schaefer, Fr. Stefanski, Sr. Vinciana, Eugene Weber, Fr. Francis Winzenhärlein); subject files on the SVD Mission in New Guinea and Christianity in the Pacific to 1990; files on colonial administrations in New Guinea, 1880-1982; papers on the Divine Word (SVD) Mission in New Guinea, 1994-96; papers on the Madang and Sepik regions, 1913-88; translations from German to English of anthroplogical works on New Guineans; translations from German official publications of reports, articles and notes on New Guinea, 1895-1915. See Finding aids for details.<P><B>See reel list for further details</B>

Fiji Agricultural Journal, Vols.1 – 52, 1928 – 1996; including the Fiji Farmer, Vol.1, No.1 – Vol.3, No.1, Mar 1965 – Mar 1967.
Reel 1. Fiji Agricultural Journal, Vol.1, No.1-Vol.8, No.3, 1928-1937
Reel 2. Fiji Agricultural Journal, Vol.8, No.4-Vol.18, No.2, 1937-Jun 1947
Reel 3. Fiji Agricultural Journal, Vol.18, No.3-Vol.32, No.1, Sep 1947-Jun 1970
Reel 4. Fiji Agricultural Journal, Vol.32, No.2-Vol.47, Nos 1-2, Dec 1970-Dec 1985
Reel 5. Fiji Agricultural Journal, Vol.48-Vol.52, No.2, Dec 1986-Dec 1996; Fiji Farmer, Vol.1, No.1 – Vol.3, No.1, Mar 1965 – Mar 1967.

See Finding aids for details.

See PMB 1294 Information Sheet for notes on RVO administrative history.
The Rabaul Volcanological Observatory Observatory is responsible for monitoring the activity of the 14 active and 23 dormant volcanoes spread along three volcanic arcs throughout Papua New Guinea and which have produced more than 140 eruptions in the last 200 years. Monitoring is carried out at RVO, 6 "outstation" observatories (Manam, Karkar, Langila, Ulawun, Esa'ala, and Lamington volcanoes) and an unmanned telemetered station (Lamington).
In addition to volcano monitoring, the functions of the Rabaul Volcano Observatory include: geologic reconnaissance and tephrastratigraphic studies (e.g. at Rabaul, Loloru, Hargy and Witori), volcanic hazard assessments (e.g. Rabaul, Manam, Karkar, Langila, Ulawun, Balbi, Bagana, Loloru, Lamington, Victory), assistance in the preparation and revision of volcano emergency plans (e.g. Rabaul, Manam, Ulawun), and applied research on the pattern of activity of the monitored volcanoes with a view to the detection of eruption precursors and provision of warnings.
From World Organisation of Volcanic Obsrvatories website: http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/wovo/southeast_asia/rabaul.html

Selected files of reports, observations and correspondence held in the RVO administrative file series, “Volcanological Records”, on the following sites: Bam Island, Manam Volcano, Long Island, Mt Bagana, Mt Lamington, Fergusson island, Esa’ala Station, D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Biniguni Hot Springs, Mt Langila, East and West New Brirtain. Original file numbers have been cited where identified.
See Finding aids for details.

David Bruce Moorhouse first came to Papua New Guinea in 1955 as a young Patrol Officer and rose through the ranks of Australian Field Administrators to Deputy District Commissioner.

• Feb 1955-Nov 1956, East New Britain District; and Gasmata Subdistrict, West New Britain.
• Feb 1957-Jan 1958. Supervising Officer to Reimber and Livuan Councils, New Britain; ASOPA studies.
• Feb 1958-Feb 1959. Patrol Officer, Kandrain, West New Britain. Completed ASOPA studies.
• 1959. Completed ASOPA long course in Sydney.
• Feb 1960-Mar 1961. Officer-in-Charge, Nuku Patrol Post, Sepik District.
• Mar 1961-Jul 1964. Officer-in-Charge, Vanimo, Sepik District. Acting Asst Distict Officer from Jul 1963.
• Sep-1964-Jun 1966. Asst District Commissioner, Amanab Subdistrict, West Sepik. Promoted to District Officer 1964. Survey and consolidation patrols West Range and August and October River areas. Establishment of three Local Government Councils. Border surveillance patrolling and reporting.
• Sep 1966-Jan 1969. Seconded as Executive Officer, Territory Intelligence Committee, Headquarters, Port Moresby.
• Jan-Nov 1969. Higher duties as Executive Officer, Internal Affairs Branch, Headquarters.
• Nov 1969 +Acting Deputy District Commissioner, Bougainville District.
• 1986-1987. Lands and Business Development Manager, Porgera Joint Venture.
• 1989-1991. Consultatnt specialising in PNG land : Projects included: land investigation study Mount Kare (CRA); land investigation study Masurina, Milne Bay Province; land investigation study Tokaluma, Central Province (Newmont); land investigation study Wau (RGC); land advisor to Porgera Gold Dredging Ltd.
• Mar 1991-Jul 1992. land acquisition/ field liaison officer for the upgrading of the Watabung-Chauve section off the Okuk (Highlands) Highway.

Papers arranged chronologically, as follows: DBM/1-2, TPNG, Dept of Native Affairs, personal files; DBM/3- 13, mainly Kandrian, Gasmata Sub-District, Patrol reports, New Britain, 1955-1958; DBM/14, ASOPA assignments, 1957-60; DBM/15-24, Nuku, Vanimo, Anamab, Sepik District, patrol reports, field officer’s journals, and correspondence, 1961-65; DBM/25-27, professional papers, 1966-1970; DBM/28-29, Royal Visits, 1969 & 1971; DBM/30-53, articles, briefings, submissions and other papers by D.B. Moorhouse, 1969-1975; DBM/54-94, land investigation reports and related papers, 1987-1996;
DBM/95-108, printed material, 1938-1981.
See Finding aids for details.

Fr Kevin Kerley SM was born in 1928 and brought up in Gympie, Queensland, where he attended the Christian Brothers’ College to university matriculation level. As a civilian high school boy he served in 1944 and 1945 in the Volunteer Air Observers’ Corps, unpaid work for the RAAF. For this he was presented with a certificate as a record and in appreciation by the RAAF, signed by Air Marshall G. Jones, Chief of Air Staff. After working as an officer of the Commonwealth Bank in Brisbane from 1946 until 1949 he undertook training at the Marist College in Armidale, NSW, and was professed as a Brother in the Society of Mary in September 1950. He worked as Assistant Bursar at St John’s College near Lismore, NSW, from 1950 until 1953.
In January 1954, Fr Kerley transferred to the Bougainville District of the Oceania Marist Province, Territory of New Guinea Mission, where he was based for most of the next 48 years. As a Marist Brother, he pursued a number of occupations until 1972: at Mabiri helping with the book keeping of the Mission’s sawmill and with first-aid on the mission plantation labour lines; taking charge of the carpentry workshop at St Christopher’s Technical School, Tsiroge; acting as Master of the Mission vessels, Jabiru (renamed St Thomas) and St Joseph; and directing various building projects. He was assistant Diocesan Procurator in 1954 and 1962. In 1963 and 1964 was the first Brother to be appointed the Procurator.
In 1973 and 1974 Fr Kerley transferred to the Marist Training Centre at Tutu on Taveuni in Fiji as Bursar, and in the following years studied theology and philosophy at the Union Theological Institute in Hunters Hill, Sydney, graduating in 1978.
Fr Kerley was ordained as a Deacon in December 1978, and in January 1979 returned to Bougainville to undertake mainly parish work in Tinputz, Tekoknih and Tearouki. In September 1980 he was ordained as a Priest, and in January 1981 underwent heart by-pass surgery in Brisbane.
Back in Bougainville early in 1981, Fr Kerley continued Parish work on the west coast at Sipai and Tsimba, with visits to Kuraio Parish. In early 1984 Fr Kerley was appointed reference Priest at Manetai Parish and joined the Kieta Area Ministry Team that covered the Parishes of Tubiana, including Kieta township, Koromira, Marai, Tunuru, Deomori and Manetai. (Arawa and Panguna towns were separate parishes, independent of the Kieta Area Ministry Team, though geographically within their boundaries.)
In November 1988, when the crisis in Bougainville erupted, Fr Kerley was living in Manetai, working quite a bit in nearby Tubiana and Tunuru Parishes, as well as visiting Arawa, Kieta and villages throughout the Kieta Ministry Team area. Father had for years recorded religious events in his catechist's calendar. After 16 November 1988, when workers at Loholo marched in protest to the Premier, Joseph Kabui, at Arawa. Fr Kerley began inserting daily notes in the calendar recording more of his movments and local events, especially of a more critical nature.
On 22 November 1988 militants raided the munitions magazine of Bougainville Copper Ltd in Panguna and made off with the explosives. The first power pylon was dynamited on the Port Mine Access Road and the ‘pink palace’ (the BCL Office) at Panguna was burnt. Fr Kerley observed that guerrilla warfare had come back to Bougainville for the first time since World War II. During the next three and a half years Fr Kerley continued parish work from Manetai. The war spread north from Panguna. In January 1990, Kuveria Jail in Manetai Parish, which Fr Kerley had visited regularly until December 1988, was burnt down by the BRA, killing some warders and a young daughter of one of them. The Riot Squad retaliated, burning villages of innocent people along the road.
The conflict in the Bougainville area continued to get worse until 1st March 1990 when the PNG Security Forces withdrew under a cease fire agreement. About September 1990 the Security Forces came back to Buka, and bit by bit extended their influence South, reaching Manetai by July 1992.
At that time Fr Kerley was still in Manetai. He was one of only about half a dozen non-citizens who had remained in Bougainville right through this part of the crisis. On 22 July 1992 Fr Kerley was evacuated by helicopter from Manetai to Hahila on Buka, at an hour’s notice, under orders from Security Force Officers.
Fr Kerley was unable to return to the Manetai area, despite obtaining a clearance from the PNG Defence Force in December 1992. In the Buka and North Bougainville area Fr. Kerley was occupied, working as Chaplain with wounded and dying soldiers and civilians at Buka and Sohano Hospitals, and helping displaced people, as well as engaging in other pastoral and parish work. In January 1993, the Oceania Marist Provincial wrote to Fr Kerley thanking him for his “faithfulness and courage to have worked with the suffering people of Bougainville”, and advising him to take a break, including medical attention in Australia and registering for the old age pension. He went South in March 1993.
Fr Kerley returned to Bougainville in November 1993, but was unfairly deported to Rabaul from Buka in late December under orders from a Colonel in the PNG Defence Force. Fr Kerley received support from Michael Ogio, the Minister for Bougainville Matters, and others such as Michael Somare, who recognised that the mainline churches needed to be involved in the search for a peaceful solution in Bougainville. Nevertheless the Colonel’s will prevailed and it was not until October 1994 that Fr Kerley was given approval by the PNG Defence Force to re-enter Bougainville.
Fr Kerley’s angina recurred while he was working under Archbishop Hesse in New Britain. This was probably brought on by the unfair and ungrateful treatment, including the deportation. Medical staff at Vunapope ordered him to return to Brisbane for treatment in April 1994.
In December 1994, when Fr Kerley came back to Bougainville, Operation Bungwantaim gave him travel clearance to stay indefinitely at Manetai mission station. Manetai was under siege by the BRA. The PNG Defence Force soldiers wore flak-jackets when they went out of the mission station as the BRA in the bush were likely to shoot at them any time. At the end of 1995 Fr Kerley again went to Australia for a check-up, as ordered, and to maintain his pension claim.
Returning to Bougainville in early 1996, Fr Kerley could not go back to Manetai as the BRA were raiding right up to Buka. In the meantime, based at Hahila, Fr Kerley worked on aid projects in Buka and North Bougainville and on pastoral work, especially as Hospital Chaplain.
In August 1996, after the BRA attacked them at Manetai, the Security Forces pulled out. Fr. Kerley was allowed by both sides to work in the Manetai area over the Christmas 1996 period.

Files on Bougainville compiled by Fr Kerley, including diary entries, notes, press cuttings, leaflets and some photographs, 1988-1996; “Skeds” (transcripts of radio broadcasts), Nov 1990-Aug 1995; photocopy of Fr. Emmet McHardy, Tunuru Baptismal Register, 1929-1931; Leo Scharmach MSC (Vic. Apost. Rabaul), Manuale Missionariorum, Catholic Mission, Vunapope, 1953; G.W. Tromf, “Life & Religion of Traditional Societies in Melanesia”, n.d.

See Finding aids for details.