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Handley Bathurst Sterndale Drawings of Pacific Islands

  • AU PMB PHOTO 129
  • Collection
  • 1850s - 1870s

'A Paradise of the Gods. Writings and Drawings of Handley Bathurst Sterndale’ (2020) is an unpublished digital edition edited by J.J. Overell. In 1870, Handley Bathurst Sterndale worked as a surveyor on the island of Upolu, Samoa, for the German trading company Goddefroy & Sohn. In this capacity, he made an expedition across Upolu, making notes and sketches about the journey as he went. In 1871, on Motu Kotawa on the islet of Pukapuka atoll in the Cook Islands, he worked these notes into the manuscript ‘Upolu; or, A Paradise of the Gods’, and worked his sketches into finished drawings. Some accounts are not his first hand observations and others are demonstrably wrong. Sterndale sought to have the manuscript published, but was unsuccessful in finding a publisher before his death in 1878. After his death, it was listed in a catalogue among the publications of Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington of London, but the manuscript never made it to print. It is now available as PMB MS 1442.

The original notebooks have since been lost, but the surviving manuscript and drawings have been passed down to Sterndale’s descendants. This collection brings together 73 of Sterndale's drawings of Samoa, Cook Islands and other islands of the Pacific. The images were digitised by photographer Rod Howe. The images are of scenes witnessed or imagined on his journey, including plants and animals, people, nature and village life.

Sterndale, Handley Bathurst

Reminiscences of voyages in the Pacific Ocean

  • AU PMB MS 1342
  • Collection
  • 1860s

Alfred William Martin (1844-1928) was born in Clarence Plains, Tasmania, first son of William Martin (1805/6-1878), a convict transported to Tasmania, and Hannah Braim (1825/6-1860). Alfred William Martin was educated at Kettering Grammar School in Northamptonshire while his parents were revisiting England. Returning to Tasmania, Martin became a seaman, despite his good education, firstly on the ship Gem sailing out of Hobart and then, while still in his teens, on a whaler, Southern Cross, Capt. Mansfield, sailing out of Hobart to whaling grounds off New Zealand, NSW, and the New Hebrides. He then sailed on the Thomas Brown, Capt T.H. Brown, a freighter working between Melbourne and Adelaide. Subsequently Martin sailed a schooner, Jeannie Darling, 80 tons, owner Darling formerly a boat builder in Hobart, carrying timber and other goods between Melbourne and Schnapper Point (Mornington).

In Melbourne Martin joined the crew of a Brigantine, El Zéfiro (300 tons, Callao), Capt Manuel Diaz Garcias of Peru, smuggling opium to the China trade via Gilolo Island, Surigao and Manila; smoking bêche-de-mer at Ponape; trading in the Marshalls, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga and Fiji; trading for sandalwood in the New Hebrides; sailing onwards through the Banks Islands, Santa Cruz, San Christobal, Malaita, Guadalcanal, Bougainville, and back to Manila via the Moluccas and Celebes. El Zéfiro then sailed for Bougainville, reinforced with Bougainville warriors carried out a blackbirding raid in Aoba (Ambae) in the New Hebrides (Vanuatu), then sailed on to South America, touching at the Marquesas and Galapagos Islands, selling the New Hebridean slaves at Mollendo in Peru.

Alfred William Martin gave the manuscript to his granddaughter, Clara Ella Simm (b.1897), who he had brought up as a child after her father, William Simm (1855-1901), died in a flu epidemic in Launceston. When Dr Macnicol received the manuscript from his mother, via his sister, it was in a bundle tied with string. Dr Macnicol passed the manuscript to a conservator who repaired torn and fragmented pages. Dr Macnicol top-numbered the pages consecutively in pencil and transcribed the manuscript. He passed the transcript to Rafael Pintos-Lopez of Michelago, near Canberra, who submitted the transcript to Professor Brij Lal for assessment.

Untitled incomplete manuscript written by Alfred William Martin of Tasmania, written possibly in the 1890s relating his Pacific voyages and adventures in the 1860s, Ms. (gaps), re-paginated, pp.1-202; together with transcript of the manuscript made by Dr Peter Macnicol, Ts., pp.1-251.
See Finding aids for details.

Martin, Alfred William

Diary, in Tahitian, Mangarevan and English, kept on Flint Island, Eastern Pacific

  • AU PMB MS 14
  • Collection
  • 14 April 1889 - 31 January 1891

H.I.N. Moouga appears to have been of Mangarevan descent and foreman of a team of coconut plantation workers from French Polynesia and Niue, employed on Flint Island by J.T. Arundel and Co. of London.

The names of the workers are listed in the opening pages of the diary. The mixture of languages in which the diary is written may have been the lingua franca of the multi-lingual community on Flint Island. Moouga details daily weather conditions, prevailing winds, land areas cleared, coconut palms planted, coconuts harvested, crushed and cut. He describes also the difficult conditions under which the group worked - fire-ant infections, lack of medical care, lack of food, food contaminated by rust - and the often difficult relationships between the workers themselves and between them and the Arundel family. In the concluding pages of the diary, Moouga says that he has had more than enough of the life and asks to be repatriated.

Moouga, H. I. N.

The Tokanoa: a plain tale of some strange adventures in the Gilberts (a novel)

  • AU PMB MS 10
  • Collection
  • After 1894

Harry J. Moors (1854-1926), was born in Detroit and died in Apia, Western Samoa. As an agent for the Hawaiian Board of Immigration, he made several voyages to the Gilbert Islands and Marshall Islands around 1880 to recruit labourers for Hawaii's sugar plantations. In 1883, he settled in Apia, Western Samoa, and became a successful trader and planter. Moors was closely associated with Robert Louis Stevenson during the novelist's five years (1889-1894) in Samoa, and in 1910 he published a book of reminiscences entitled 'With Stevenson in Samoa'. Moors stated in that book that Stevenson had once urged him to write down some of the wonderful stories he had related to Stevenson about his early career. Moors acted on this encouragement, and after Stevenson died, he wrote two novels, of which 'The Tokanoa: A plain tale of some strange adventures in the Gilberts' is one. Neither of the novels was published. See also the Bureau's newsletter 'Pambu', September 1968:4.

The novel is based on Moors' experiences in the Gilbert Islands [Kiribati] as a labour recruiter for the Hawaiian Board of Immigration. The title page states that it is compiled from the diary of John T. Bradley, labor agent.

Moors, Harry J.

Tapu: a tale of adventure in the South Seas (a novel)

  • AU PMB MS 9
  • Collection
  • After 1894

Harry J. Moors (1854-1926) was born in Detroit and died in Apia, Western Samoa. As an agent for the Hawaiian Board of Immigration, he made several voyages to the Gilbert Islands [Kiribati] and Marshall Islands around 1880 to recruit labourers for Hawaii's sugar plantations. In 1883, he settled in Apia, Western Samoa, and became a successful trader and planter. Moors was closely associated with Robert Louis Stevenson during the novelist's five years (1889-1894) in Samoa and in 1910 he published a book of reminiscences entitled 'With Stevenson in Samoa'. Moors stated in that book that Stevenson had once urged him to write down some of the 'wonderful stories' he had related to Stevenson about his early career. Moors acted on this encouragement, and after Stevenson died, he wrote two novels, of which 'Tapu: A Tale of Adventure in the South Seas' is one. Neither of the novels was published. See also the Bureau's newsletter 'Pambu', September 1968:4

The novel is based on Moors' experiences in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands as a labour recruiter for the Hawaiian Board of Immigration. The title page states that it is from the diary of John T. Bradley. Preface by Arthur Mahaffy.

Moors, Harry J.

Autobiography

  • AU PMB MS 12
  • Collection
  • 1803 - 1852

Captain Edward Primrose Tregurtha (1803-1880) was born in Cornwall, UK, and died in Launceston, Tasmania. He went to sea at an early age, and made voyages to the Far East and India. In 1831-33, as master of the whaler Caroline, he made an extensive whaling voyage out of Hobart. His itinerary included Sydney, the Bay of Islands, the Kermadecs, Rotuma, Wallis Island, the Gilberts, Solomon Islands, New Ireland, and the Coral Sea. After a visit to England, Tregurtha returned to Tasmania, whence he traded with neighbouring colonies as owner and master of the Henry. He made voyages to Adelaide in 1837 and took early settlers and sheep to Port Phillip. He later opened a business in Launceston as a general merchant and shipping agent.

The autobiography, which, in many places, appears to have been written up from journals kept at sea, gives a full account of Tregurtha's life from his birth in 1803 until the late 1830's. From then until the year 1852, it is brief and sporadic.

Tregurtha, Edward Primrose

Autobiographical record - Adventures of a Guano Digger in the Eastern Pacific

  • AU PMB MS 20
  • Collection
  • 1871

Richard Branscombe Chave, was born in 1849, probably in England. He was manager of the guano diggings on Starbuck Island (part of the central Line islands of Kiribati) in 1871, when the island was under lease from the British Government to Holder Bros. of London. Subsequently, Chave appears to have returned to his profession as a sailor.

In 1871, Chave, then 22, was in charge of a guano team of three Europeans and 50 Rarotongans working on Starbuck Island. When provisions began to run low, and there was no sign of a brig which was to bring replenishments, Chave and three Rarotongans set off in a large boat to try to reach Malden Island, 120 miles away, which was being worked for guano by a Melbourne company. After becoming lost and surviving a capsize, the party reached Penrhyn Island, several hundred miles in the opposite direction. Later, Chave and a Penrhyn Islander tried to sail back to Starbuck Island, but again Chave became lost and he and his companion finally drifted to an uninhabited island, which proved to be Suwarrow Atoll, where they lived for two years before being rescued. Chave's narrative gives a vivid account of his adventures up to a point where he and his companion had been on Suwarrow for about nine months. For further details, see the Bureau's newsletter Pambu, Nov. 1968:4, pp.5-9 and Jan. 1969:6, pp.6-9.

Chave, Richard Branscombe

Gilbertese myths, legends and oral traditions

  • AU PMB MS 69
  • Collection
  • 1916-1930

Sir Arthur Grimble went to the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) as a cadet administrative officer in 1914 and became Resident Commissioner in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony in 1925 - 1933. He was posted to the West Indies in 1936, retiring 1948. Grimble died in London on December 13, 1956. Grimble devoted much of his spare time in the Gilberts to collecting the myths, legends and oral traditions of the local people. Those recorded on this microfilm were collected between about 1916 and 1930.

Gilbertese myths, legends and oral traditions (643 pages). A detailed list appears at the beginning of the microfilm. It includes creation myths, voyaging tales, songs, especially of ancient voyages and war, spells and witchcraft practices.
See Finding aids for details.

Grimble, Arthur

Journal

  • AU PMB MS 89
  • Collection
  • 7 August 1838 - 22 June 1842

Alden was an officer in the sloop-of-war 'Vincennes', the flagship of the United States Exploring Expedition which spent four years in the Pacific under the command of Commodore Charles Wilkes.

The journal gives an account - but not a day-by-day account - of the Vincennes voyage which took in the Tuamotu Archipelago, Tahiti, Samoa, Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, the Antarctic, Hawaii, the Gilbert (Kiribati), Ellice (Tuvalu) and Marshall Islands. See also PMB MS 124-146 and the Bureau's newsletter, Pambu, Dec. 1971:25, pp. 4-7.

Alden, James

Ethnographic notes on South Pacific Islands

  • AU PMB MS 121
  • Collection
  • 1899 - 1900

Townsend and Moore were members of the US Fisheries Commission aboard the U.S. Fisheries Commission Steamer Albatross which made a cruise to the South Pacific in 1899 - 1900 under Commander Jefferson F. Moser, USN.

Ethnographic notes on the Marquesas Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Society Islands (French Polynesia), Cook Islands, Niue, Tonga, Fiji, Ellice Islands and Gilbert Islands (Tuvalu and Kiribati), Marshall Islands, and Caroline Islands.

Townsend, Charles H.

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