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Journal of auxiliary Cutter Koroibo
The Labasa [Fiji] Branch of Burns Philp (South Sea) Co. Ltd. was established in 1920. Journal containing shipping and cargo details of the auxiliary cutter Koroibo.
Burns Philp (South Sea) Company Ltd, Labasa Branch, Fiji
Correspondence with missionaries at Rotuma
Letters to Catholic missionaries at Rotuma from Bishops Bataillon, Elloy and Lamaze and Father V-F. Poupinel, written from Apia (Samoa), Tonga, Wallis, Futuna, Sydney and France. A typed summary in English of the contents of each letter is given at the beginning of the film.
Roman Catholic Mission Fiji
Reports, correspondence and related papers
In 1945 the Australian Army, with the approval of General Blamey, established the Land Headquarters, School of Civil Affairs, in the grounds of the Military College, Duntroon, to train officers for the Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit. In March 1946, the School became a civil institution, named The Australian School of Pacific Administration, and was transferred to Georges Heights, Mosman, NSW, and later to Middle Head. ASOPA was given statuatory recognition under the Papua New Guinea Act in 1949 and continued to function as a responsibility of the Minister for External Territories till 1 December 1973 when the International Training Institute came into existence as a result of the Australian Government’s decision to integrate ASOPA into the structure of the Australian Development Assistance Agency (later AIDAB), under the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
This collection of documents was compiled in the ASOPA Library and, on closure of that Library, the documents were transferred to the AusAid Library which made them available to the Bureau. The collection consists of reports, minutes of some ASOPA Council meetings, correspondence and other internal documents relating to the School’s administration, courses, staff, reviews and restructures. There are also some documents relating to aspects of Australian administration in PNG and the Northern Territory.<B><P>See reel list for further details</B>
The Australian School of Pacific Administration
Maurice Myles Witts was born in Bombala, NSW in 1877 and died in Moss Vale, NSW in 1966. During 1899-1900 he worked for the Colonial Sugar Refining Co. in Fiji. In 1900 he enlisted in the Mounted Rifles and fought in the Boer War, after which he was discharged as a Sergeant in 1902. In 1904 he moved to Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides where he established a coconut plantation at Hog Harbour. In 1904 he married Mabel Herring (born Sydney, 1877) on Santo. The Witts returned to Australia about 1913. See PMB 1 and PMB 8 for diaries of Maurice Witts, 1905 and 1911.
Witts Family
Robert Norton photographs of Falefa village, Upolu, Samoa
This is a collection of 134 digitised slides of Falefa, on the northeast coast of the island of Upolu, 20 km from the Samoan capital Apia. With a population in recent years of over 1500, Falefa comprises four ‘sub’ villages - Sagapolu, Saleapaga, Gagaemalae, and Sanonu. Its leading matai [chiefly] ali’I titles Leutele and Salanoa and leading tulafale [orator] titles Moeono and Iuli figure prominently in Samoan political history, particularly in relation to the district title Tui Atua, and Tama Aiga titles Tupua Tamasese and Mataafa.
The photographs were taken in Falefa by Robert Norton during four periods of sociological field research - October 1975-January 1976, August-September 1977, December-January 1980, February 1982. Norton was studying aspects of social and political change, particularly influences of the growing remittance economy. The large scale emigration of Samoans to New Zealand for wage employment was encouraged by the hurricane destruction of banana plantations in 1966 and an increasing need for industrial labour in New Zealand. Norton began his research in Falefa just nine years after the commencement of this exodus of young people to earn money to send home.
Many of the photos illustrate the changes in housing underway funded mainly by remittances in the early years of the labour emigration. A family’s success in establishing members in New Zealand’s work force was soon displayed and measured by the construction of modern houses. The change had slowly begun some years before the labour emigration wave, but was greatly accelerated by it.
Some families were a lot more successful than others in their access to remitted funds, having established several members in overseas employment. So the new era of migration and remitting brought a new dimension of economic and social inequality in the village. The inequality was sometimes quite stark in housing contrasts even between different households of the same aiga [land-owning descent group] - Traditional fale [houses] were still common in the village. Some families also used the new income to make a strong showing in their funding of fa’a’lavelave - important and expensive events such as weddings, matai title bestowals, funerals, and church dedications. The new source of economic inequality led to new dependencies between different households within an aiga.
Remittance income to village families was spent to a lesser extent in capital investments in plantation production, copra driers, utility vehicles etc; Vehicles were very few in the village during the 1970s [around half a dozen]. Although some people became successful entrepreneurs on their aiga land with the aid of remittances, more became less interested in their plantations and more contemplative of anticipated regular money gifts from emigrant family members.
Before the labour emigration wave, money income was gained mainly by the sale of produce from the land and sea [taro and other root vegetables, coconuts and copra, fish]. A few households included members with salaried jobs in town or in the village itself [the school, and the health centre], and several maintained small shops with everyday commodities purchased in Apia, Samoa’s main town. Travel to Apia 20 km to the west was mainly by bus - to schools, to visit and attend social events in other villages, or for shopping or visits to government offices, banks, hospital, lands and titles court etc
Norton also gave particular attention to leadership and authority, eventually publishing an academic paper on electoral politics at the village level. To enable him to sit with the matai [aiga titled chiefs] in the village fono [council] meetings he was given an honorary title.
Many of the photos were taken at Fono meetings - at village, sub-village, and inter-village levels. Some photos are of a Fono meeting functioning as a court hearing and judging minor disputes and imposing fines. These photos are restricted access. Norton himself once faced the prospect of attracting a fine that would be levied on the matai head of his host household if he refused to remove his beard. The village fono had for a year or two decreed it an offence for men to grow beards or long hair and for women to wear slacks. The rule expressed tension between the Fa’a’Samoa [Samoan way] and the Fa’a’Palagi [European way] that had strengthened a little with the impact of the labour migration, not just on material living conditions and social competition, but on popular consciousness, particularly in the youths who became accustomed to interactions with emigrants returning to the village for important social celebrations and to display their successes and tell stories about life in New Zealand. Norton didn’t hesitate to shave for the duration of his short stay in 1977. But by his next stay three years later the anti-beard rule had been dropped.
Norton, Robert
Don Marshall undertook 12 expeditions to Polynesia during the period 1951 to 2004, a number of them on behalf of the Peabody Museum, Salem, carrying out research work in Honolulu, Tahiti, Fiji, New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Samoa, the Australs and the Tuamotus. His field work in the Cook Islands focused on Mangaia.
Marshall was a professional photographer before World War II. He enlisted in the US Army in 1942 and was based in Panama where he developed an interest in the San Blas Cuna Indians and a lifelong passion for anthropology. After the War Marshall studied anthropology at Harvard and in 1951 was awarded a Fullbright scholarship to New Zealand, stopping at Honolulu for a few weeks with Sir Peter Buck who had studied and published a good deal on Mangaia. Marshall carried out fieldwork in Mangaia, including collecting artefacts for the Peabody Museum, in May 1952, February to May 1955, and November 1957 to June 1958. He was awarded a doctorate from Harvard University in 1956. Marshall returned to the Cook Islands in 1976 and 1989.
Marshall was editor of Frank Stimson’s, Songs and Tales of the Sea Kings: interpretations of the oral literature of Polynesia (1957); joint author with Frank Stimson of, Ra’ivavae: an expedition to the most fascinating and mysterious island in Polynesia (1961); joint author and editor of Human Sexual Behavior: variations in the ethnographic spectrum (1971), based on papers presented in 1965; and author of, “Too Much in Mangaia”, in Readings in Human Sexuality: contemporary perspectives, edited by Chad Morgan and Gayle Johnson (1980).
In 1962-1963 Marshall attended the US Army War College then joined the Army General Staff in Washington, serving two tours of duty in Vietnam, working on analyses of US involvement in the war and strategies for the future. He also served as deputy director of the Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) task force at the Pentagon and as director of strategy and assessment for the Defense Nuclear Agency. He retired in 1976.
From 1980 to 1990 Marshall worked at the University of California, Berkeley on post-doctoral studies in anthropology and linguistics, and later on the Vietnam Project of the Military Conflict Institute. In 1990 he became director of publications and research for Oceania at the Peabody Essex Museum, and editor of Neptune. Ill health forced Marshall to retire a second time in August 2000.
The biographical notes above are from, Rod Dixon (ed.), Captive Images: images of Rarotongans and Mangaians in the 1950s. Photographs by Donald Stanley Marshall, donated by Mira Nan Marshall Virginia, Rarotonga, USP Cook Islands Campus, 2009; a catalogue for an exhibition of Marshall’s photographs on display at the Beachcomber in Avarua Aug-Sep 2009.
Manuscripts, unpublished and rare printed materials in boxes 1.1-1.8, 2.1-2.5, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1-5.5, 6.1-6.5, 9.1-9.5, 10.1-10.3, 12.1-12.4of the D.S. Marshall Papers at the USP Cook Islands Campus, including, for many items, photographic prints where they are held with textual records:
• drafts of Marshall’s Cook Islands publications, including his unpublished paper, Descent, Relationship and Territorial Groups of Mangaia - Kith, Kin and Kindred on Mangaia,
• correspondence relating to Marshall’s Cook Islands fieldwork;
• research papers compiled during Marshall’s Cook Islands field work, including his catalogue of fish and fauna on Mangaia, and materials on songs and music, bibliography and linguistics and kinship;
• publications of the LMS Press on Mangaia;
• E Au Tua Maori, Nos.1-3, c.1946-47, together with a compilation of stories and legends of the Cook Islands by Cook Islander authors;
• Cook Islands Maori dictionaries, word lists and grammars,
• papers by Ron Crocombe on land tenure in the Cook Islands.
• Files on emigration, demographics of the Cook Islands c.1958, ideas for books, Mokoroa Love, field trips to Rarotonga and Mangaia in 1989 and Hawaii 1995.
See also:
PMB 1335 MARSHALL, Donald Stanley (1919-1905), Polynesian Expedition Journals, 1951-1961. Reels 1-4. (Available for reference.)
PMB 1336 MARSHALL, Donald Stanley (1919-1905), Mangaian Census Materials, 1958. Reels 1-2. (Restricted access.)
PMB 1338 EASTMAN, Rev. George Herbert (1881-1974), A Rarotongan-English Dictionary, Compiled 1918. 1 reel. (Available for reference.)
PMB Doc 518 TE KARERE KOIA OKI TE PEPA SOCIETY. With which is incorporated, Fugitive Papers, Edited in Mangaia, The London Missionary Society Press, Mangaia, South Pacific, Nos.4-16 &16, Sep 1898-Jan 1901. 1 reel. (Available for reference.)
See Reel List for detals.
Marshall, Donald Stanley
These papers comprise part of the records of the Vicariate of New Caledonia which are designated Oceania Nova Caledonia (ONC) in the Marist Archives. The ONC material fills four large filing cabinets which are listed as APM I ONC, APM II ONC, APM III ONC and AMP IV ONC. The ONC files are not as well organized as the other Pacific vicariates and they contain many unclassified and unnamed sections.
Correspondence from cabinet APM IV ONC. The correspondence comprises the following dossiers: Correspondance Generale, 1845-49, including folder marked 'RP Rougeyron' letters, 1848-49;
Correspondance Generale, 1850-56, including folder marked 'Lettres des missionaires de Caledonie en sejour a Futuna (P. Rougeyron et Gagniere, 1850-51)'; and Correspondance Generale, 1857-59
Roman Catholic Church - New Caledonia
These papers comprise part of the records of the Vicariate of New Caledonia which are designated Oceania Nova Caledonia (ONC) in the Marist Archives. The ONC material fills four large filing cabinets which are listed as APM I ONC, APM II ONC, APM III ONC and AMP IV ONC. The ONC files are not as well organized as the other Pacific vicariates and they contain many unclassified and unnamed sections. Please also see PMB MS 161.
Correspondence from cabinet APM IV ONC. The correspondence is in dossiers dated 1867-68 and 1869.
Roman Catholic Church - New Caledonia
These papers comprise part of the records of the Vicariate of New Caledonia which are designated Oceania Nova Caledonia (ONC) in the Marist Archives. The ONC material fills four large filing cabinets which are listed as APM I ONC, APM II ONC, APM III ONC and AMP IV ONC. The ONC files are not as well organized as the other Pacific vicariates and they contain many unclassified and unnamed sections. Please also see PMB MS 161.
Correspondence from cabinet APM IV ONC in a dossier dated 1878-79
Roman Catholic Church - New Caledonia
Registers of Melanesian indentured labourers
The copra trade was the core business of the Deutches Handel und Plantagen Gesselschaft. The company had monopoly recruiting rights enabling it to draw labour for its plantations in Samoa from the eastern New Guinea islands and the northern Solomon Islands. The labour registers give the number and name of the labourer, his or her village and district. The registers also note the plantation on which the labourer worked and transfers to employment elsewhere. If applicable, the date and cause of death is noted. There was a high mortality. Otherwise the register notes the date of return. There is also a column for further notes.
Arbeiter Register, Nos.6367-7832, 25 May 1887-24 Feb 1891 [16 Mar 1891];
Arbeiter Register, Nos.7833-9409, 16 Mar 1891-Jan 1897;
Arbeiter Register, Nos.9406-10128, Nos.1-1237, Jan 1897-Jan 1906;
Arbeiter Register, Nos.1238-3187, Jan 1906-Sep 1913.
Deutches Handel Und Plantagen Gesselschaft