For details see PMB Doc 11

Nos. 588-718, 4 Jan. 1871-25 June 1873

The records comprise the following registers relating to the Church of England, Norfolk Island: 1. Baptismal register, 1 January 1871 - 31 January 1971; 2. Register of burials, 3 March 1871 - 2 February 1971; 3. Register of marriages, 12 February 1871 - 6 March 1963; 4. Banns of marriages register, 1899 - 1921

These papers were found in a suitcase in Victoria, Australia in 2013. The suitcase was labelled with the name of Mr Leonard Charles Norman Bentley. After Leonard’s death, his son, Mr Wilfred Waring Bentley, packed up Leonard’s house and transported many of his belongings to Australia, including the suitcase in which these papers were found. The papers were discovered by Elizabeth Howarth (nee Bentley) after the death of her father, Wilfred Waring Bentley. Though the suitcase had Leonard Bentley’s name on it, there were personal items in the suitcase that indicate it had been packed by Wilfred Waring Bentley.

The Bentley family arrived in Fiji in 1867 when Henry Bentley left Australia to join the cotton boom. In 1871, he left agriculture to work in the government of King Cakobau. He held various posts including chief police magistrate, superintendent of police and controller of general labour. After annexation, he served as sub-agent-general of immigration.

Captain Robert Crawford Miller Bentley was one of Henry’s eleven children. He was five years old when the family arrived in Fiji and at age 13 he was articled to barrister and solicitor Mr W. Scott. In 1883, he was appointed associate to the Chief Justice and later as clerk to the Attorney-General, before moving on to acting-registrar of the Supreme Court and curator of intestate estates. His later posts were as sub-collector of customs and post-master at Levuka. He was the commanding officer of D Company of Levuka in a volunteer defence force under the governorship of Sir George O’Brien.

Robert’s son, Leonard Bentley, worked in the commercial sector, first with Burns Philp and later with Pearce and Co. He was also involved in Levuka Town Council, Chamber of Commerce, Levuka Cricket Club and Levuka Regatta Committee. He was also active in the Anglican Diocese of Polynesia and the Holy Trinity Cathedral chapter. He married Margaret Annie Allport Waring who appears in some of the photos in this collection. Margaret was awarded an MBE for her services to the community including her involvement with the Colonial War Memorial Hospital (aka CWM Hospital). Their son, Wilfred Waring Bentley, who brought these papers to Australia, also worked for Pearce and Co.

Many of the papers in this collection appear to be official government correspondence, mostly to or from James Harding during the years 1873-1874. Many of the letters relate to the Ba campaign that was fought throughout 1873, in which Harding played a significant role. There had long been friction around Ba between the Kai Colo of the interior, coastal Fijians and European planters. There was also tension between some of the planters and the Fijian government. A group of rebellious planters, led by Colonel Whyte and J. de Courcy Ireland, were preparing to travel to Levuka with the goal of deposing government, when the Burns family and many of their staff, were murdered by Kai Colo people on the Vunisamaloa plantation. The government responded by sending Fijian troops under the command of Major W.H. Fitzgerald to set up a defensive outpost at the headwater of the River Ba. The settlers were angered by the arrival of this force, believing it incapable of defeating the Kai Colo and putting their own lives and plantations in more danger. They took up arms against Fitzgerald, who was forced to withdraw until he was joined by Captain James Harding, then head of police, with approximately 50 more Fijian troops.

Fitzgerald and Harding lead an attack on the Kai Colo at Na Korowaiwai, killing approximately 170 people. On their return to the coast, there was a skirmish between the armed settlers and Harding’s men. The situation was diffused when White and de Courcy Ireland were detained and the group of armed settlers disbanded. Major Fitzgerald and Major H.C. Thurston then lead a campaign to wipe out the Kai Colo, which came to a head at the village of Na Culi, where many Kai Colo were killed and many were taken prisoner. Having captured Na Culi, the campaign was paused when Harding and H.C. Thurston accused Major Fitzgerald of cowardice and had him court martialed. There are papers relating to the charges against Fitzgerald in this collection.

The letters also describe plantation disputes including land acquisition, evictions and murder, the collection of taxation and other matters. Most letters are between James Harding and government officials G.G. Whalley, G.A. Woods, J.B. Thurston, H.C. Thurston, M.H. Fraser, John Langford, Thomas Mackenzie, and planters such as A. Eastgate, David Hannah, J. de Courcy Ireland and others. There are also a number of letters in Fijian language, including from Josaia Sorowali. There is also a hand drawn map of action near Na Culi on 19 July 1873.

It is unknown how or when these documents came into the Bentley family. Henry Bentley was employed in law enforcement during the years in which much of this correspondence was written but it is unknown if he knew Harding, or if he had contact with these papers in any way. His son Robert Bentley also held government positions, though post-Cession. There are also papers related to the Waring family in this collection, though less is known about this side of the family. There are two letters addressed to Henry T. Waring Esquire, including an offer of the post of government arbitrator in the acquisition of Makogai and Makodraga islands and from the employees of Messrs Henry Cave & Co of Levuka. A Henry Thomas Waring worked as a plantation manager for Colonial Sugar Refining Company on the Rewa River in the Nausori area and was later a customs officer in Levuka.

Also included in these papers is a collection of verses, Government Gazettes, photos of the Waring family, other photographs and Turpin’s Almanac 1873. There are also envelopes addressed to Mrs LC Bentley (Margaret Bentley), hospital Christmas cards from 1955 and a newspaper article on Mr Leonard Charles Bentley.

Please see PMB 1039 for full entry
This collection (MS 7080, Box 3) consists of the following:
FOLDER 1 - Letters to Lorimer Fison: Items 9-11; George Taplin, 1873: Meru tribe kinship, Murray River; Items 12-19; R.H. Codrington, 1892-3: New guinea and Melanesian languages; Items 20-22; H.M. Jackson, Government House, Suva, 1903; Items 23-24; Wm MacGregor, 1888: New Guinea ethnology and languages; Items 25-37; Basil Thomson, 1893: Fijian culture; recall to London; Items 38-39; A.W. Howitt, 1905; Items 40-41; J.G. Frazer, 1907: Frazer compliments Spencer and Gillen on their work and discusses his plans for an anthropological fund at Liverpool, UK.; Items 42-48; W. Skeat, 1903-4: Fiji/Tonga linguistics; publication of Fison article; Items 49-59; J.B. Thurston, 1872 (incomplete) and 1893; Items 60-61; W.E. Bennett, 1903; Items 62-63; S.E. Peal (incomplete); Items 64-65; Letter from J. Hall, Fison's secretary, to J.G. Frazer, 1905; Item 65a; List of distinguished acquaintances
FOLDER 2 - Correspondence with J.G. Frazer; Item 66-104; 1896-1907: mostly anthropology of Australian Aborigines
FOLDER 3 - Notes and Tables: Item 105-167; Mostly in Fison's hand, includes 7 returned questionnaires. Principal subjects are kinship and language among the Australian Aborigines, but there is also material on Dobu (New Guinea) and Fijian languages. Includes kinship tables for tribes in the Murray River, SA; Murray/Darling; Yorke Peninsula, SA; Omeo & Gippsland, VIC; Jervis Bay, NSW areas.
FOLDER 4 - Articles: Item 168-208; A signed mss copy of 'Land tenure in Fiji': Item 209-224; Fellows, Rev. S.B. 'Grammar of the Pannieti dialect, British New Guinea, together with comprehensive vocabulary'. Proof copy.; Item 225-233; Sketch maps (2) and comparative lists of the vocabulary of New Guinea dialects: Saibai, Uroi, Baribara, Kaura, Moi, Wapi, Ari, Moipalo, Kubilo, A'loto, Bau, Gaiga, Kaipu, Kaurarega, Gudang; Item 234; Note (incomplete) on numerals of New Guinea dialects; Item 235; A comparative vocabulary of New Guinea languages.
FOLDER 5 - Transactions and proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, vol.X, February 1874; Item 236; On pp.154-179 is Fison's article 'The classificatory system of kinship'. The volume bears the signature of E.M. Curr and his handwritten critique of Fison's article. Also marked in the table of contents is an article, on pp. 100-105, 'Abstract of a paper on Aboriginal art in Australasia, Polynesia, and Oceania, and its decay' by H.E. Pain.

For details see PMB Doc 11

Nos. 719-810, 2 July 1873- 31 March 1875

Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon, first Baron Stanmore (1829-1912) was born in London and served from 1854 to 1857 as a member of the House of Commons. Gordon served as Governor of Trinidad (1866-1870), Mauritius (1871-1874), Fiji (1875-1880), New Zealand (1880-1882) and Ceylon (1883-1890). From 1877 to 1882 he also served as High Commissioner and Consul-General for the Western Pacific.

A collection of 33 pamphlets, bound in one volume, formed by Sir Arthur Gordon when Governor of Fiji and Western Pacific High Commissioner, consisting of parliamentary papers and printed correspondence relating to Western Pacific islands other than Fiji, including New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and the New Hebrides. The pamphlets also include: reports on the cesssion of Rotuma, pearl shell fisheries in the Torres Strait, the labour trade, the Intercolonial Conference of 1881; papers relating to conflicts, kidnappings and murders in the islands involving the ships “Borealis”, “Sandfly”, “Aurora”, “Leslie”, “Winifred”, “Miranda”, “Isabelle”, “Cormorant”, together with reports by Commodore Wilson on murders on the coast of New Guinea; general reports on conditions and commerce in the islands by W. Seed and Sterndale; Capt. W.H. Marshall’s report on his observations of the Ellice, Gilbert, Marshall and Caroline Islands in the HMS “Emerald”, 1881.
<b>See Finding aids for details.</b>
See also PMB 1213 and 1215.

James Lyle Young (1849-1929) was born in Londonderry (Derry), Ireland, and went to Australia with his parents in the mid-1850s. After working in Australia as a station hand, Young, in 1870, went to Fiji where he was associated for five years with a cotton-planting venture at Taveuni. In April, 1875, he left Fiji on a trading voyage to Samoa via Futuna and Wallis Island.

The journal gives a vivid account of Young's life during three of his most adventurous years. It begins with a trading voyage round the Macuata coast of Fiji followed by a voyage to Samoa via Futuna and Wallis Islands. In Samoa, Young saw a great deal of the American adventurer, Colonel A.B. Steinberger, who headed the Samoan Government for 10 extraordinary months. After playing a prominent part in the events that led to Steinberger's downfall, Young sailed for the Marshall Islands in May, 1876, to open a trading station for Thomas Farrell at Ebon Atoll. He remained in Farrell's employ until November, 1877 when he went to Majuro.
See also PMB MS 22 and 23 and the Bureau's newsletter Pambu, Dec. 1968:5, pp.1-12.

This collection includes Rev. Peter Milne’s missionary sermons, synod addresses and copies of correspondence (not copied), papers relating to the ‘Kakula Affair’, 6 unrecorded tragedies and a notebook (not copied).

For details see PMB Doc 11

Nos. 719-810, 2 July 1873- 31 March 1875

For details see PMB Doc 11

Nos. 887 - 940, 10 September 1876 - 26 September 1877